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No. 21 — Letter of Hananiah on keeping the Festival of Unleavened Bread

The Jewish garrison of Elephantine · a new plain-English translation from the Aramaic

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Date| year 5 of King Darius

1| [To] {my} [brothers]

2| [Jeda]niah and his colleagues, the [J]ewish {g}[arrison], your brother Hanan[iah]. May the gods [seek after] the welfare of my brothers.

3| And now, this year, year 5 of Darius the king, word was sent from the king to Arsa[mes, saying:

4| In the month of Ta'obi let there be a Passover for the garrison of the Jew]s. Now you, count off in this way: four[teen

5| days of the month of Nisan, and the Passover kee]p; and from day 15 to day 21 of [Nisan

6| are seven days of unleavened bread. You] be clean and take heed. Work [do not do

7| on day 15 or on day 21. Also beer d]o not drink, and anything at all that has {leaven} [in it

8| do not eat, from day 15 from] sunset until day 21 of Nisa[n. For seven

9| days let it not appear among you. Do not br]ing (it) into your chambers, and {seal (it) up} during [these] days.

10| [Let it be done as was commanded by Darius the ki]{ng}.

11 (address)| (Address) [To] my brothers Jedaniah and his colleagues, the Jewish force, your brother Hanani[ah

Cite a passage by its number: every paragraph here has its own anchor (for example https://openscriptorium.com/read/elephantine/021-no-21-letter-of-hananiah-on-keeping-the-festival-of-unleaven#p1), and the bracketed reference numbers link the same way.

An original translation made in 2026 by Scriptorium Press, working directly from the Aramaic text (never from another English translation), in one consistent modern voice. Free to read, download, and listen — no accounts, no paywalls.

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