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No. 68 — Twelve fragments of legal documents, letters and accounts

The Jewish garrison of Elephantine · a new plain-English translation from the Aramaic

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No. 1 Obv.| (Fragment 1, obverse)

1.obv.1| fr]om you and from us …

1.obv.2| ]greetings; your brother Taqutiya; greetings […]

No. 1 Rev.| (Fragment 1, reverse)

1.rev.1| … may there be welfare[…]

1.rev.2| concerning … l-

No. 2 Obv.| (Fragment 2, obverse)

2.obv.1| ]{-š} the king. Then in [Elephantine

2.obv.2| ]{z}i to me {ḥ}[…]

2.obv.3| ]-t with you (fem.) to[…]

No. 2 Rev.| (Fragment 2, reverse)

2.rev.1| dau]ghter of Zaccur

No. 3 Obv.| (Fragment 3, obverse)

3.obv.1| ]-i p- … […]

3.obv.2| ]{b}a to[…]

3.obv.3| ]until you see[…]

3.obv.4| ]your garment, and not[…]

3.obv.5| ]-lt Pithom

No. 3 Rev.| (Fragment 3, reverse)

3.rev.1| ]l{q}, total 10 […]

3.rev.2| ] … l … […]

3.rev.3| ] … t […]

No. 4 Obv.| (Fragment 4, obverse)

4.obv.1| ]Then in Elephantine I said: Mibt[…]

4.obv.2| {š}

No. 4 Rev.| (Fragment 4, reverse)

4.rev.1| ]which I wrote. Mibtahiah da[ughter of

No. 5 Obv.| (Fragment 5, obverse)

5.obv.1| ]-h I made[…]

5.obv.2| ]karsh, in seed, zyl[…]

No. 5 Rev.| (Fragment 5, reverse)

5.rev.1| ]-mw

5.rev.2| ]{in} words … this[…]

5.rev.3| ]. R 2

No. 6 Obv.| (Fragment 6, obverse)

6.obv.1| ]{-ʾ} given […]

6.obv.2| the pr]ovince[…]

No. 6 Rev.| (Fragment 6, reverse)

6.rev.1| ]to me {ʾ}zk[…]

6.rev.2| ]took {ʾ}mš[…]

6.rev.3| ]. šml[…]

No. 7 Obv.| (Fragment 7, obverse)

7.obv.1| ]{bk}[…]

7.obv.2| ]{q}i b{t}[…]

7.obv.3| ]. -tʾl {ʾ}[…]

7.obv.4| ]-tʾl{h}[…]

No. 8 Obv.| (Fragment 8, obverse)

8.obv.1| ]Sitri, your brother[…]

8.obv.2| ]and her children, greetings […]

No. 8 Rev.| (Fragment 8, reverse)

8.rev.1| ]my sister S[itri

No. 9 Obv.| (Fragment 9, obverse)

9.obv.1| ]Nathan, wit{ness}[…]

No. 9 Rev.| (Fragment 9, reverse)

9.rev.1| My lor[d

No. 10 Obv.| (Fragment 10, obverse)

10.obv.1| ]-p{rd} . {wnḥ}[…]

10.obv.2| ]with which you shall gi[ve

10.obv.3| ] {sureties}, strong […]

No. 10 Rev.| (Fragment 10, reverse)

10.rev.1| Je]hoishma son of […]

10.rev.2| ] . your son, {son of} […]

10.rev.3| ] . {Nabu}-shedar[…]

No. 11 Obv.| (Fragment 11, obverse)

11.obv.1| On the 3rd of Tybi[…]

11.obv.2| Memorandum: Ḥem{d}[an

11.obv.3| in the {land} . […]

11.obv.4| On the 3rd of Tybi, Am[…]

11.obv.5| all[…]

No. 11 Rev.| (Fragment 11, reverse)

11.rev.1| ]. l … Ḥe{m}dan 1

11.rev.2| ]the province of Thebes

No. 12 Obv.| (Fragment 12, obverse)

12.obv.1| your servants[…]

12.obv.2| betwee{n}[…]

12.obv.3| ʾrt[…]

12.obv.4| with bricks[…]

12.obv.5| all d-[…]

12.obv.6| all d-[…]

No. 12 Rev.| (Fragment 12, reverse)

12.rev.1| The {do}c[ume]nt of {Lbḥ}ta, his wife . […]

Cite a passage by its number: every paragraph here has its own anchor (for example https://openscriptorium.com/read/elephantine/067-no-68-twelve-fragments-of-legal-documents-letters-and-accoun#p1), and the bracketed reference numbers link the same way.

An original translation made in 2026 by Scriptorium Press, working directly from the Aramaic text (never from another English translation), in one consistent modern voice. Free to read, download, and listen — no accounts, no paywalls.

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