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No. 81 — Business accounts: grain, wine, deeds and loans

The Jewish garrison of Elephantine · a new plain-English translation from the Aramaic

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Col. a| (Column a)

1| Account of the grapes that I wrote down … my fathers

2| Shelam{ṣ}in, the plantation of Zebadiah: wheat, seah 1, quarter 1

3| Shabbethith daughter of {ʿ}Obadia{h}: wheat, seah 1, {Q} 7, 1 P

4| {Arsin} …: wheat, ardabs 12

5| At Ars[in]'s: {deed} 1, ʾ- …

6| …

7| … [jar]{s} . . of mine, 19

8| [From Shim]{e}on, jars 2; Johanan the priest, jar 1

9| From Shabbethai Jashib, jars 2; from Nathan 1, jar 1

10| From Haggai Diphras, jars 2

11| T{b}a daughter of {Ḥan}iah, {the house} ⟋: ardabs 3, ardab 1, against . .

12| … ʾ, and from S.grh

13| …

Col. b| (Column b)

14| The deeds in the hands of Jonathan and myself:

15| {went up} to the boat: Simeon son of Haggai

16| {At} Shammathi's: deed 1, for she-asses 40

17| At Simeon's: deed 1, for karsh 12

18| shekels 8

19| At Simeon's: deed 1, [for zuz] 400

20| [At Simeo]n's: [d]eed 1, for hallurs 4, mdlʾ

21| and months 12, mdlʾ

22| Obadiah{u} Zaccur: deed 1, for zuz 120

23| At Obadiahu Zaccur's: deed 1, for wheat, ardabs 10

24| Shabbethai Haggai, Tatan: deed 1, for his house

25| At Shabbethai Haggai's: deed 1, for wheat, ardabs 24

26| In his hands: dee[d] 1 (doubtful), Johanan son of Delui, ʿ- …

27| for zuz 100

Col. c| (Column c)

28| In the hand{s} of [Jo]nathan: the wheat [of ?] Yaḥyai son of ..baniah

29| In the hands of Jonathan: bundles 6, of wine

30| a tray of silver, 10; {nḥt}n 2, of silver

31| In the hands of Nathan: and the cup of Meshullam son of Azgad, at shekels 2

32| and my own cup is in his hands, and our great cup is in his hands

33| the great one is in his hands, {and the zwlʾ} is in his hands, k{h}..h, fine

34| In his hands … {z}ʾ of {Jedaniah} …

35| In [his] ha[nds …

36| … {wheat}, ardabs 2, quarter 1

37| [In] {his} [hands]: the bronze tool, {N}kras. daughter of Haniah . .

38| In his hands: our tool, in Mṣy . . ʾ

38a| b-

39| The wine which they gave {ytly} this year, šl- … {the pr}iest

40| in Tmas{u}, 21; vinegar, jars 2; hn- …

41| Delui the younger: garden, at 46; vinegar 1 …

42| In Midlah, Abitai: jars 3

43| Obadiahu Paḥes: jars 6, vinegar 1

44| From these: {zuz} 100

Col. d| (Column d)

45| {which} . . -ḥt, for {good}, {h}- …

46| {r} . . 4, hyd {ḥ} 1 (doubtful) …

47| lḥ . . sheep, {large}, 2 …

48| sheep, [lar]ge, 6, p{ʾ} …

49| … vinegar, one, qr{h} …

50| … y{n} . y{h} 5 {b} …

51| … {qsr} …

Col. e| (Column e)

52| tʾ w-

53| {nḥ}

54| t-

55| which

56| Hargalti, at shekel-

57| 64, quarter 1

58| ʾ š

59| š

verso, Col. f| (Verso, column f)

60| … the fourths, in the boat

61| K 10 (doubtful), ka 1, for shekel 1, quarters 2; remainder, shekel 1

62| Nakim: logs 6, for quarters 3; remainder, {K} 1 P

63| At Nakim's: logs 6, for quarters 3; remainder 1

64| Apelnim {will give}: ka 1 P, for shekels 2, quarter 1

65| ⟋Yaniya: logs 2, 2, for quarters 2

66| ⟋Yaniya: logs …

67| … for quarter 1

68| … [lo]gs 6, for quarters 3

69| Myself: logs 2

70| {N}athan Narbi: log 1, for M 1 P

71| ⟋Yaniya: logs 3, for quarter 1, M 1 P

72| At Nakim's: logs 6, for quarters 3

73| ⟋Yaniya: log …

Col. g| (Column g)

74| ⟋Nabas: logs 6, for quarters 3

75| ⟋Yaniya: logs 4, for quarters 2

76| At Nakim's: logs 6, for quarters 3

77| remainder, quarters 2

78| ⟋Judah: logs 2, for quarter 1

79| At Nakim's: log 1, M 1 P

80| ⟋Yaniya: logs 2, for {quarter} 1 (doubtful)

81| ⟋Yaniya: ka 1 P, {b}- …

82| … {b}- … quarter 1

83| in jars, five . .

84| ⟋Isidorus: logs 2, for quarter 1

85| ⟋{P}ras: ka 1, for shekel 1, quarters 2

86| ⟋Hargalti: half, for quarters 3

87| ⟋Lysimachus: logs 7, for quarters 3, M 1 P

88| ⟋Kastas: logs 6, for quarters 3

89| ⟋Diphros: logs 4, for quarters 2

90| Abitai, give{n} … {for quarters} 3

Col. h| (Column h)

91| Abi{t}ai {b}- …

92| ⟋Isidorus: logs 4 . for quarters 2

93| ⟋Yaniya: logs 6, for quarters 3

94| ⟋Bakim: logs 9, for shekel 1, M 1 P

95| ⟋the Greek: logs 2, for quarter 1

96| ⟋Judah: logs 5, for quarters 2, M 1 P

97| ⟋Yaniya: logs 3, for quarter 1, M 1 P

98| ⟋Raḥbel: log 1, for M 1 P

99| ⟋{ʿObadi} Jashi{b} l- …

100| … [logs] 4, for quarters 2

101| Y{a}[niya]: logs 4 (partly restored), for quarters 2

102| ⟋Patpi: logs 4, for quarters 2

103| ⟋Pat{u}: logs 6, for quarters 3

104| ⟋the Greek: logs 4, for quarters 2

105| ⟋Zaphrah: logs 2, for quarter 1

106| b- Patu: kas 2, for shekels 3; remainder ⸢M 6⸣

107| ⟋Arm{i}s: logs 3, [f]or quarter 1, M 1 P

108| …

Col. i| (Column i)

109| In the house of Jashib: yq{l}. lʿtyk 5

110| {In} our house: {mlʿtyn} 2, brʾmn 2, doors

111| The copper money that they paid for the dates of Paḥi

112| this year, in customs duty: karsh 7, shekels 3

113| ⟋At Patu's: logs 8, for shekel 1

114| ⟋At Patu's: logs 2, for quarters 2 (one unit doubtful) (erased:) logs 8, for shekel 1

115| ⟋Abitai, for our house … ⟋the Ara{b}: logs 3, for quarters . . ⟋

116| … k- …

117| … [logs] 4, for quarters 2

Col. k| (Column k)

118| … remainder tk- … {gi}ven

119| {at mi}ne: Nakim, price of wi{ne} . .

120| {shekels} 3

121| … -ph Nakim ḥ- …

122| 30th of Thoth

123| {d}- (erasure) ʾ

124| zuz 24, quarter 1

125| …

126| ⟋Sasrat{as}: [logs] 3, for quarter 1, M 1 P

127| Myself: logs 12 ⟋Shabbethai Haniah: logs 4 / for quarters 2

128| At my own: logs 4

129| At my own: logs 6

130| shekel 1. At my own: logs 6

131| for quarters 2. ⟋Nakim: ka 1, shekel 1, for quarters [2; rem]ainder, quarters 2 / quarters 2

132| for quarters 2. ⟋Judah: logs 12, {for} [shekels] 3 (partly restored); remainder, quarters 3

133| for quarters 2. At [my own]: logs 4

Col. l| (Column l)

134| 2, for whe[a]t, seah 1

135| 3, M 1

136| 3, for wheat, seah 1

137| quarters 2, M 1

138| 2, until

Cite a passage by its number: every paragraph here has its own anchor (for example https://openscriptorium.com/read/elephantine/080-no-81-business-accounts-grain-wine-deeds-and-loans#p1), and the bracketed reference numbers link the same way.

An original translation made in 2026 by Scriptorium Press, working directly from the Aramaic text (never from another English translation), in one consistent modern voice. Free to read, download, and listen — no accounts, no paywalls.

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